Self-Adapting Point Location

نویسندگان

  • Pedro Machado
  • Olivier Devillers
چکیده

Point location in spatial subdivision is one of the most studied problems in computational geometry. In the case of triangulations of Rd, we revisit the problem to exploit a possible coherence between the query-points. For a single query, walking in the triangulation is a classical strategy with good practical behavior and expected complexity O(n1/d) if the points are evenly distributed. Based upon this strategy, we analyze, implement, and evaluate a distribution-sensitive point location algorithm based on the classical Jump & Walk, called Keep, Jump, & Walk. For a batch of query-points, the main idea is to use previous queries to improve the current one. In practice, Keep, Jump, & Walk is actually a very competitive method to locate points in a triangulation. Regarding point location in a Delaunay triangulation, we show how the Delaunay hierarchy can be used to answer, under some hypotheses, a query q with a O(log #(pq)) randomized expected complexity, where p is a previously located query and #(s) indicates the number of simplices crossed by the line segment s. The Delaunay hierarchy has O(n log n) time complexity and O(n) memory complexity in the plane, and under certain realistic hypotheses these complexities generalize to any finite dimension. Finally, we combine the good distribution-sensitive behavior of Keep, Jump, & Walk, and the good complexity of the Delaunay hierarchy, into a novel point location algorithm called Keep, Jump, & Climb. To the best of our knowledge, Keep, Jump, & Climb is the first practical distribution-sensitive algorithm that works both in theory and in practice for Delaunay triangulation—in our experiments, it is faster than the Delaunay hierarchy regardless of the spatial coherence of queries, and significantly faster when queries have strong spatial coherence. Key-words: Point location, Delaunay triangulation This work is partially supported by ANR Project Triangles and Région PACA. in ria -0 04 38 48 6, v er si on 3 12 J ul 2 01 0 Localisation de points s’adaptant aux requètes Résumé : La localisation de points dans une subdivision de l’espace est un classique de la géométrie algorithmique, nous réexaminons ce problème dans le cas des triangulations de Rd pour exploiter une éventuelle cohérence entre les requêtes. Pour une requête, marcher dans la triangulation est une stratégie classique de localisation qui donne de bons résultats pratique et a une complexité moyenne O(n1/d) si les points sont uniformément distribués. Basée súr telle strategie, nous alysons, implementons, et évaluons une strategie de localization de point adaptable aux distributions des requêtes, basée sûr Jump & Walk, appellée Keep, Jump, & Walk. Pour des paquets de requêtes, l’idée principale est d’utiliser les requêtes précédentes pour améliorer la requête courante; nous comparons différente stratégies qui ont une influence sur les constantes cachées dans les grands O. Toujours à propos de la complexité d’une requête, nous montrons que la hiérarchie de Delaunay peut être utilisée pour localiser un point q à partir d’une requête précédente q avec une complexité randomisée O(log #(pq)) pourvu que la triangulation vérifie certaines hypothèses (#(s) désigne le nombre de simplex traversés par le segment s). La structure de donnée a une taille O(n) et un coût de construction O(n log n). La hiérarchie de Delaunay a une complexité de O(n log n) en temp et O(n) en mémoire dans le plan. Et dans certaines hypotheses réalistiques, ces complexités generalizent pour des dimensions supérieures aussi. Finalement, nous combinons la bonne adaptabilité aux distributions des requêtes du Keep, Jump, & Walk, et la bonne complexité de la hiérarchie de Delaunay, en une nouvelle stratégie de localization de point appellée Keep, Jump, & Climb. Selon nos connaissances, Keep, Jump, & Climb est le premier algorithme adaptable aux distributions des requêtes qui marche en pratique et en théorie pour les triangulations de Delaunay—dans nos experiments, Keep, Jump, & Climb est plus rapide que la hiérarchie de Delaunay independament de la cohérance espatiale des requêtes, et significativement plus rapide quand la cohérance espatiale est forte. Mots-clés : Localisation, Triangulation de Delaunay in ria -0 04 38 48 6, v er si on 3 12 J ul 2 01 0 Self-Adapting Point Location 3

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تاریخ انتشار 2010